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Oil, graphite pencil on canvas
44 1/8 x 43 7/8 in. (112 x 111.5 cm)
Signed and dated verso, upper left: rf Lichtenstein / '63

Catalogue entry

Artwork: Hopeless, 1963 (RLCR 772)
RLCR 772 (LC 88; RL 0116)
Hopeless
1963
Title Source
Castelli; RL Register; RL Studio Card
Media
Oil, graphite pencil on canvas
Dimensions
44 1/8 x 43 7/8 in. (112 x 111.5 cm)
Inscriptions
Signed and dated verso, upper left: rf Lichtenstein / '63
Stretcher: # 88
Remarks

This work's media line has often been listed as "Oil and Magna on canvas." Per RLF records, only oil was used. For further info on media lines for paintings from c. 1962–63, see the Guide to the Catalogue: 4.7. Classification: Painting.

Keyword
Cartoons
Provenance
Galerie Ileana Sonnabend, Paris, by 1964 (artist sale)
Peter and Irene Ludwig, Aachen, Germany, March 1971
Peter and Irene Ludwig Foundation, Aachen, Germany, 2010 (by bequest)
Exhibitions
1963a New York Castelli
Leo Castelli Gallery (4 East 77th Street), New York, Works by John Chamberlain, Edward Higgins, Frederick Kiesler, Roy Lichtenstein, Robert Moskowitz, Robert Rauschenberg, Frank Stella, Cy Twombly, April 2–25, 1963.
1963b Paris Sonnabend
Galerie Ileana Sonnabend (37, quai des Grands-Augustins), Paris, Roy Lichtenstein, June 5–30, 1963 (Jouffroy, Johnson, E. and Rosenblum 1963, b/w ill.). Traveled to: Galleria il Punto Arte Moderna, Turin, Italy, December 23, 1963–January 23, 1964 (Sonnabend, M. 1963).
1963 London ICA
Institute of Contemporary Arts, London, The Popular Image, October 24–November 23, 1963 (Solomon, A. 1963b, b/w ill.).
1964 Stockholm Moderna Museet
Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Amerikansk Pop-Konst, February 29–April 12, 1964 (Hultén 1964, p. 44 b/w ill. [in pink], p. 45 b/w ill. [in pink; installation view, 1963b Paris Sonnabend]). Traveled to: Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Humlebaek, Denmark, April 17–May 24, 1964 (Louisiana Museum 1964); Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, June 22–July 26, 1964 (as De nieuwe amerikaanse kunst/American Pop Art) (Solomon, A. 1964b).
1965 Brussels Palais des Beaux-Arts
Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, Pop Art — Nouveau Réalisme — etc. . ., February 5–March 1, 1965 (Palais des Beaux-Arts 1965).
1965 Alpbach Europäisches Forum
Europäisches Forum, Alpbach, Austria, Dada bis Heute: Dada-, Surreal-, Popart-, Opart-, Funktional-, Moral-, Neuer Real-Ismus, August 22–September 8, 1965 (Europäisches Forum 1965, no. 132 b/w ill.). Traveled to: Neue Galerie der Stadt Linz, Wolfgang-Gurlitt-Museum, Linz, Austria, September 16–October 17, 1965; Neue Galerie am Landesmuseum Joanneum, Graz, Austria, October 23–November 21, 1965.
1966 Genoa Bertesca
Galleria la Bertesca, Genoa, Italy, American Pop Artists, November 12–December 10, 1966 (Calvesi 1966a, n.p. b/w ill.).
1967 Geneva Musée Rath
Musée Rath, Geneva, Le visage de l'homme dans l'art contemporain, July 1–September 20, 1967 (Musée Rath 1967, no. 59 b/w ill.).
1967 Amsterdam Stedelijk
Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Roy Lichtenstein, November 4–December 17, 1967 (Stedelijk Museum 1967, no. 15 b/w ill.). Traveled to: Tate Gallery, London, January 6–February 4, 1968 (Tate 1968b, no. 14 p. 21 b/w ill.); Kunsthalle Bern, Bern, Switzerland, February 23–March 31, 1968 (Kunsthalle Bern 1968, no. 13 b/w ill.); (Tate 1968a, no. 12 p. 21 b/w ill.); Kestner-Gesellschaft, Hannover, Germany, April 13–May 19, 1968 (Kestner-Gesellschaft 1968, no. 13 p. 70 b/w ill.).
1969 Turin Galleria Civica
Galleria Civica d'Arte Moderna, Turin, Italy, New-Dada e Pop Art Newyorkesi, April 2–May 4, 1969 (Malle 1969, no. 51 n.p. b/w ill.).
1969 New York Guggenheim
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Roy Lichtenstein, September 19–November 9, 1969 (not Columbus) (Waldman 1969, no. 20 p. 41 color ill.). Traveled to: William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, Kansas City, Mo., December 18, 1969–January 16, 1970; Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, Ill., February 7–March 22, 1970; Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, Wash., April 10–May 17, 1970; Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts, Columbus, Ohio, July 9–August 30, 1970.
1971–present Basel Kunstmuseum (Extended Loan)
Kunstmuseum Basel, Basel, Switzerland, Extended Loan, March 1971–present.
1990 New York MoMA
Museum of Modern Art, New York, High and Low: Modern Art and Popular Culture, October 7, 1990–January 15, 1991 (Varnedoe and Gopnik 1990a, no. 75 p. 200 color ill.); (Varnedoe and Gopnik 1990b). Traveled to: Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., February 23–May 12, 1991; Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, Calif., June 21–September 15, 1991.
1993 Nuremberg Germanisches Nationalmuseum
Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg, Germany, LudwigsLust: Die Sammlung Peter und Irene Ludwig, June 19–October 10, 1993 (Eissenhauer 1993, no. 333 p. 365 color ill.).
1995 Oberhausen Städtische Galerie
Städtische Galerie, Ludwig Institut, Oberhausen, Germany, Kreuzigung und Beweinung: Versuche zu trauern, May 7–June 30, 1995 (Pachnicke and Mensch 1995, no. 67 p. 109 color ill.). Traveled to: Haus Ludwig für Kunstausstellungen, Saarlouis, Germany, September 24–December 31, 1995.
1999 Basel Gegenwartskunst
Museum für Gegenwartskunst, Basel, Switzerland, White Fire – Flying Man: Amerikanische Kunst 1959–99 in Basel, June 5–September 26, 1999 (Schmidt, K. and Ursprung 1999, no. 76 p. 103 color ill.).
2002 Basel Kunstmuseum
Kunstmuseum, Basel, Switzerland, Painting on the Move, May 26–September 8, 2002 (Bürgi and Pakesch 2002, p. 122 color ill, p. 119 color ill.).
2012 Chicago Art Institute
Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Roy Lichtenstein: A Retrospective, May 16–September 3, 2012 (only London, Paris) (Rondeau and Wagstaff, Sheena 2012, no. 31 n.p. color ill.). Traveled to: National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., October 14, 2012–January 13, 2013; Tate Modern, London, February 21–May 27, 2013 (as Lichtenstein: A Retrospective) (Dunne 2012, no. 28 p. 37 color ill.); Musée National d'Art Moderne, Centre National d'Art et de Culture Georges Pompidou, Paris, July 3–November 4, 2013 (as Roy Lichtenstein, revised and reorganized) (Dunne 2013, no. 28 p. 37 color ill.); (Pompidou 2013); (Morineau 2013a, no. 19 p. 86 color ill.).
Literature
Hultén 1963
Hultén, Pontus. "Om Pop-Kunsten." Louisiana revy (Humlebaek, Denmark) 4, no. 1 (September 1963), p. 10 b/w ill. (installation view, 1963b Paris Sonnabend).
Edwards, F. 1964
Edwards, Folke. "Vad vill Pop?" Stockholm-Tidningen, February 29, 1964, p. 7 b/w ill (sideways).
Neuendorf 1964
Neuendorf, Hans R. "Ist Pop Art das Letzte?" Schöner Wohnen (Hamburg) (December 1964), n.p. following p. 52 b/w ill. (installation view, 1963b Paris Sonnabend).
Sylvester 1964
Sylvester, David. "Art in a Coke Climate." Sunday Times Colour Magazine Special issue Pop art: Way out or way in? (London) (January 26, 1964), front cover color ill.
Melville 1964c
Melville, Robert. "Surrealist and Others." Architectural Review 135, no. 804 (February 1964), no. 12 p. 139 b/w ill.
Billeter 1965
Billeter, Erika. "Pop im Examen: Lichtenstein, Oldenburg, Rosenquist, Rauschenberg, Segal." Speculum artis (Konstanz and Zurich) 17, no. 9 (October 1965), p. 30 b/w ill.
Scholz–Wanckel 1965
Scholz-Wanckel, Katharina. Pop Import: Eine selektive Abhandlung über Pop Artisten. Hamburg: Matari Verlag, [1965], p. 58 b/w ill. (installation view, 1963b Paris Sonnabend).
Pascal 1966
Lichtenstein, Roy, and David Pascal. "Pop art et comic books." Translated from the English by Colette Swarc. Giff-Wiff (Paris), no. 20 (May 1966), p. 12 b/w ill.
Hahn 1966a
Hahn, Otto. "Roy Lichtenstein." Translated from the French by Arnold Rosin. Amended by the editor, James Fitzsimmonds. Art International 10, no. 6 (Summer 1966), p. 67 b/w ill.
Lévêque 1967
Lévêque, Jean-Jacques. "Les pops sont-ils nos naïfs?" Arts (Paris) 75 (March 1–7, 1967), front cover ill. (detail, sideways).
Van Schaardenburg 1967
Lichtenstein, Roy, and Lieneke van Schaardenburg. "Roy Lichtenstein: We waren trouwens niet zo pop als Iedereen dacht." Vrij Nederland (Amsterdam) (November 11, 1967), p. unavail. b/w ill.
Boime 1968
Boime, Albert. "Roy Lichtenstein and the Comic Strip." Art Journal 28, no. 2 (Winter 1968–69), no. 5 p. 157 b/w ill.
Brett 1968
Brett, Guy. "The Subtle Art of Roy Lichtenstein." Times (London), January 8, 1968, p. 4 color ill.
Thévoz 1968
Thévoz, Michel. "L'image et son double." Le point (Brussels), no. 15 (April 1968), p. 27 b/w ill.
Alloway 1968b
Alloway, Lawrence. "Roy Lichtenstein." Studio International 175, no. 896 (January 1968), p. 27 b/w ill.
Andreae 1969
Andreae, Christopher. "Trying to Shock—Himself." Christian Science Monitor, September 18, 1969, sec. 2, p. 11 b/w ill.
Fabri 1969
Fabri, Ralph. "Roy Lichtenstein at the Guggenheim." Today's Art (New York), October 18, 1969, p. 9 color ill. (sideways).
Kirkwood 1969
Kirkwood, Marie. "Roy Lichtenstein Gives New Dimension to the Lowly Dot." Sun Press (Cleveland), February 20, 1969, p. unavail. b/w ill. (with artist).
Metken 1970
Metken, Günter. Comics. Frankfurt am Main and Hamburg: Fischer Bücherei, 1970, p. 183 b/w ill.
Weber, J. 1970
Weber, Jürgen. Pop Art: Happenings und Neue Realisten. Munich: Heinz Moos Verlag, 1970, no. 69 p. 57 b/w ill.
Lichtenstein, R. 1971
Lichtenstein, Roy. [no title]. Edited by Christian Bourgois. Kitsch (Paris: Marie Concorde Editeur), no. 2 (February 1971), p. 45 b/w ill.
Waldman 1971b
Waldman, Diane. Roy Lichtenstein. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1971, no. 51 n.p. color ill.
Iida 1972
Iida, Yoshikuni. "Roy Lichtenstein: Paradoxical pictures, or, critiquing critical pictures." Arts quarterly 6, no. 3, issue 22 (summer 1972), p. 85 b/w ill.
Sterckx 1972
Sterckx, Pierre. "Lichtenstein: Le Mondrian du Pop." Clés pour les arts (Brussels) 18 (February 1972), p. 13 b/w ill.
Coplans 1972a
Coplans, John, ed. Roy Lichtenstein. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1972, front cover color ill.
Meyer 1973
Lichtenstein, Roy, and Jean-Claude Meyer. "Les illusions optiques de Roy Lichtenstein." XXe siècle (Paris and Milan) n.s, 35, no. 41 (December 1973), n.p. ill.
Calvesi 1975
Calvesi, Maurizio. Le due avanguardie. Vol. 2, Informale, New Dada, Pop Art. Bari: Editori Laterza, 1975, no. 24 n.p. b/w ill., front cover color ill.
Lévêque 1975
Lévêque, Jean-Jacques. "Lichtenstein, héraut de la bande dessinée." Galerie-jardin des arts, no. 143 (January 1975), p. 41 b/w ill. (sideways).
Richter, W. 1977
Richter, Wolfgang (Photographs by Hermann Weisweiler). Kunststadt Aachen. Cologne: Greven, 1977, no. 176 n.p. b/w ill.
Keller 1979
Keller, Jean-Pierre. Pop art et évidence du quotidien. Lausanne: L’Âge d’Homme, 1979, n.p. facing p. 118 b/w ill.
Schaff 1980
Schaff, David. "A Conversation with Roy Lichtenstein." Art International 23, no. 9 (January–February 1980), p. 29 b/w ill. (sideways).
Zänker 1981
Zänker, Jürgen. "Walter Benjamins Kunstwerk-Aufsatz im Lichte der Pop-Art: Dargestellt am Beispiel Roy Lichtensteins." In Wallraf-Richartz-Jahrbuch: Westdeutsches Jahrbuch für Kunstgeschichte, vol. 42, by Wallraf-Richartz-Museum, Cologne. Cologne: DuMont Buchverlag, 1981, no. 19 p. 319 ill.
Chirico 1982
Chirico, Robert. F. "Some Reflections on Sound and Silence in the Visual Arts." Arts Magazine (New York) 56, no. 8 (April 1982), p. 105 b/w ill.
Alloway 1983b
Alloway, Lawrence. Roy Lichtenstein. New York: Abbeville Press, 1983, no. 19 p. 25 color ill.
Busche 1988
Busche, Ernst A. Roy Lichtenstein: Das Frühwerk, 1942–1960. Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag, 1988, fig. 134 p. 234 b/w ill.
Von Hassell 1988
Von Hassell, Christa. "Atelierbesuch: Ein Pop-Star kommt zurück." Pan (Offenburg), no. 7 (September 1988), p. 65 color ill.
Busche 1989
Busche, Ernst A. Roy Lichtenstein: Pop-Paintings, 1961–1969. Schirmer's visuelle Bibliothek 6. Munich: Schirmer/Mosel, 1989, no. 25 n.p. color ill.
Lovejoy 1989
Lovejoy, Margot. Postmodern Currents: Art and Artists in the Age of Electronic Media. Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press, 1989, no. 41 n.p. facing p. 86 b/w ill.
Livingstone 1990
Livingstone, Marco. Pop Art: A Continuing History. 1st ed. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1990, no. 168 p. 120 color ill.
Das Kunstmagazin 1991
"Zuerst Niedrig und Nun Hoch Gehängt." Art: Das Kunstmagazin (Hamburg), no. 1 (January 1991), p. 57 color ill., front cover color ill.
Hindry 1991a
Hindry, Ann, ed. Artstudio. Special issue, Roy Lichtenstein, no. 20 (Spring 1991), n.p. preceding p. 36 color ill.
Hendra 1993
Hendra, Tony. Brad '61: Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man. New York: Pantheon Books, 1993, p. 44 color ill.
Waldman 1993b
Waldman, Diane. Roy Lichtenstein. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 1993. Exhibition catalogue (1993 New York Guggenheim), no. 104 n.p. facing p. 117 color ill. [not exhibited].
Vernissage Köln 1994
Vernissage Köln. Special issue, Roy Lichtenstein in München, no. 9 (September 1994), p. 28 color ill.
Bode 1994
Bode, Peter M. "Roy Lichtenstein: Am Anfang war der Comic Strip." Art: Das Kunstmagazin (Hamburg), no. 10 (October 1994), p. 16 color ill.
Waldman 1994
Waldman, Diane. Roy Lichtenstein. Translated from the English by Bram Opstelten and Magda Moses. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 1994. Exhibition catalogue (1993 New York Guggenheim), no. 104 n.p. facing p. 117 color ill. [not exhibited].
Kijima 1997
Kijima, Shunsuke. The Appeal of Modern Art: Surveying the Art of the 20th Century. The Great History of Art. Kyoto: Dōhōsha Shuppan, 1997, p. 118 color ill.
Whiting 1997
Whiting, Cécile. A Taste for Pop: Pop Art, Gender, and Consumer Culture. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1997, no. IV n.p. color ill.
Shimasaki 1999
Shimasaki, Yoshinobu. "The Birth of Pop art." BT: Bijutsu techō (Tokyo) 51, no. 780 (December 1999), no. 9-13 p. 8 color ill.
Suenaga 2000
Suenaga, Terukazu. The Concise History of the 20th Century Art. Tokyo: Bijutsu Shuppansha, 2000, no. 9–13 p. 140 color ill. (as Nothing Can Be Done).
Yonemura 2002
Yonemura, Noriko. Seurat: Beyond Pointillism Rikuyusha Art View. Tokyo: Rikuyosha, 2002, p. 105 b/w ill. (as Nothing Can Be Done).
Collins, B. 2003
Collins, Bradford R. "Modern Romance: Lichtenstein's Comic Book Paintings." American Art (Smithsonian American Art Museum) 17, no. 2 (Summer 2003), p. 60 color ill.
Schmied 2004
Schmied, Wieland. Harenberg Museum der Malerei: 525 Meisterwerke aus sieben Jahrhunderten. Mannheim: Bibliographisches Institut, 2004, p. 1037 color ill.
Bandlow 2006
Bandlow, Karen. "Nicht nur Warhols Mao: Mao Zedong in der Kunst von Roy Lichtenstein und Wang Ziwei." Ostasiatische Zeitschrift (Cologne) n.s, no. 11 (Spring 2006), no. 7 p. 58 color ill.
Beam 2006
Beam, Alex. "Lichtenstein: Creator or Copycat?" Boston Globe, October 18, 2006, Living Arts sec, p. D1 color ill.
Bandlow 2007
Bandlow, Karen. Roy Lichtenstein und Ostasien. Studien zur internationalen Architektur- und Kunstgeschichte 59. Petersberg, Germany: Michael Imhof Verlag, 2007, no. 140 p. 130 color ill.
Sterckx 2007
Sterckx, Pierre. 50 géants américains: Comment New York a détrôné l'Europe. Boulogne-Billancourt (Hauts-de-Seine): Beaux-Arts Éditions, 2007, p. 125 color ill.
Faton-Boyancé 2013
Faton-Boyancé, Jeanne, ed. L'objet d'art. Special issue, Roy Lichtenstein exposition au Centre Pompidou, no. 69 (July 2013), p. 16 color ill., front cover color ill.
Morel 2013
Morel, Francis, ed. Connaissance des arts. Special issue, Roy Lichtenstein, no. 589 (July–August 2013), p. 6 color ill.

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RLF respects the intellectual property of others and expects users to do the same.  As to allegedly infringing copyrighted works, we comply with the take down and counter notification provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (“DMCA”), 17 U.S.C.A. § 512, as set forth below. 

We reserve the right to remove or disable access to any Content claimed to be infringing, at any time at our sole discretion, without notice or liability.  In appropriate circumstances, we will also terminate users of the Site who are repeat infringers.

If you believe that Content has been used in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please provide our designated agent, whose contact information is listed below, with a written notice containing all of the following information (“DMCA Notice”):

  • A physical or electronic signature of a person authorized to act on behalf of the owner of an exclusive right that is allegedly infringed;
  • Identification of the copyrighted work claimed to have been infringed;
  • Identification of the Content that is claimed to be infringing or to be the subject of infringing activity, and information reasonably sufficient to permit us to locate such Content on our Site (such as the URL to each page on the Site containing allegedly infringing material);
  • Information reasonably sufficient to permit us to contact you, such as an address, telephone number, and, if available, an email address;
  • a statement that you have a good faith belief that use of the Content in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law; and
  • a statement that the information in your notice is accurate and, under penalty of perjury, that you are authorized to act on behalf of the owner of an exclusive right that is allegedly infringed.

Our agent designated to receive DMCA Notices may be contacted as follows:

[email protected]

Changes to the Terms

RLF may change these Terms from time to time by posting an updated version on this web page, or, if we determine that it is appropriate, we may provide other notice to you.  Your continued use of the Site after we post updated Terms means that you accept and agree to such Terms.  We recommend checking back on this web page regularly if you use the Site.

Termination

We reserve the right to terminate the Site, these Terms, and any Content, and your access to the Site and/or the Content, at any time without notice, for any reason.  The “Reliance on Information Posted,” “Copyright & Trademark,” “Inclusions in Catalogue Raisonné (or Lack Thereof),” “Additional Disclaimers,” “Limitation of Liability,” “Indemnification,” and “Governing Law” sections of these Terms (along with this provision and any other provision that by its terms contemplates survival) survive any termination of these Terms.

Governing Law

These Terms are the complete agreement between you and RLF regarding your use of the Site and is governed by applicable federal laws and the laws of the State of New York applicable to agreements made and completely performed there.  Any dispute arising out of or in connection with these Terms shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction and venue of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York located in the Borough of Manhattan in the City of New York or, only if such court does not have subject-matter jurisdiction, the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County.

You irrevocably agree to bring any claim or dispute relating to your use of the Site and these Terms exclusively in the state and federal courts located in New York, to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of those courts, and to waive any jurisdictional, venue, inconvenient forum, or other objections to those courts.  

Other

Section titles and headings are for convenience only and have no legal or contractual effect.  The failure of RLF to exercise or enforce any right or provision of the Terms shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision.  If a court of competent jurisdiction determines that any provision of these Terms is unenforceable for any reason, then that provision will be deleted and the remaining provisions of these Terms will be enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law.

Questions

Please email [email protected] with any questions you may have about these Terms.

Accept Terms & Conditions