Porcelain enamel on steel
26 x 42 in. (66 x 106.7 cm)
Enamels are not signed or dated.
Classification: enamel (editioned)

Enamel

In this catalogue, works classified as enamel are made from powdered glass fired and fused to a metal substrate; the medium is also known as porcelain enamel.

Lichtenstein’s enamels include unique and editioned works of various sizes. At first, the artist worked through Ben Birillo, primarily with Architectural Porcelain Fabricators, Inc. of Orangeburg, New York.

Lichtenstein also produced works with enamel components that fall under the separate classifications sculpture, jewelry and prints.

Dates

Conception date is based on the year the prototype, used for fabrication, was completed. Fabrication date(s) follow the conception date in parentheses. Dates for unique enamels are the year of completion of the artwork.

Media Lines

Medium is given as porcelain enamel and support is steel or perforated steel. Metal identification has not been confirmed, but Lichtenstein is quoted stating that his enamels were made on steel (Coplans 1967b, p. 12). Perforated steel was supplied by Beckley Perforating Co. of Garwood, New Jersey, and possibly others.

Inscriptions

Editioned enamels are inconsistently signed, dated and/or numbered by the artist on the verso, usually in white paint or black marker.

Large Editions

The large editions RLCR 1202, Sunrise from 7 Objects in a Box and RLCR 1554, Modern Head Pendant are presented in single entries without documentation of all individual pieces, as only select pieces were examined. Location information is not provided unless a work is known to be in a museum collection. Information is based on fabricator papers (RLF Archives) and the authors’ research.

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Catalogue entry

Artwork: Brushstroke, c. 1965 (fabricated 1965) (RLCR 1018) Photo: Courtesy Phillips RLCR 1018.LC-376
RLCR 1018.LC-376
RLCR 1018 (LC 373, LC 374, LC 375, LC 376, LC 377, LC 378; RL 0430)
Status: Research Pending
Brushstroke
c. 1965 (fabricated 1965)
Title Source
Castelli; RL Studio Card
Media
Porcelain enamel on steel
Dimensions
26 x 42 in. (66 x 106.7 cm)
Description
Edition of 6
Fabricator: Architectural Porcelain Fabricators, Inc., Orangeburg, N.Y.
Inscriptions
Enamels are not signed or dated.
RLCR 1018.LC-373 (LC 373)
Not signed or dated
RLCR 1018.LC-374 (LC 374)
Not signed or dated
RLCR 1018.LC-375 (LC 375)
[no information]
RLCR 1018.LC-376 (LC 376)
Not signed or dated
RLCR 1018.LC-377 (LC 377)
Not signed or dated
RLCR 1018.LC-378 (LC 378)
Not signed or dated
Photo: Courtesy Phillips
Provenance
RLCR 1018.LC-373 (LC 373)
Katherine Marmor, Los Angeles, c. 1965 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City; via Ferus Gallery, Los Angeles)
Michael and Jane Marmor, Stanford, Calif., 2003 (by descent)
RLCR 1018.LC-374 (LC 374)
Richard Brown Baker, New York City, May 1966 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
RLCR 1018.LC-375 (LC 375)
Burton and Emily Tremaine, Meriden, Conn., March 1966 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
Estate of Burton Tremaine, 1991
(Christie's, New York, November 13, 1991, sale 7360, lot 173)
(...)
(Christie's, New York, May 4, 1995, sale 8170, lot 178)
Owner unknown [per Christie's, owner deceased]
RLCR 1018.LC-376 (LC 376)
Julien and Jean Levy, Bridgewater, Conn., December 1965 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City) [Jean F. Levy, 1981]
(Sotheby Parke Bernet, New York, November 4, 1981, Paintings, Drawings and Sculpture from the Julien Levy Collection, sale 4719M, lot 162)
Dr. Salomon Grimberg-Trottner, Dallas
(Sotheby's, New York, May 4, 1987, sale 5570, lot 66)
Owner unknown
{Sotheby's, New York, November 7, 1990, sale 6091, lot 290}
(Phillips, New York, November 15, 2017, sale NY010817, lot 121)
Private collection
Private collection, Europe, August 2024 (via Sotheby's private sale, London)
RLCR 1018.LC-377 (LC 377)
William N. Copley, New York City, December 1965 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
Mr. and Mrs. Barnett Hodes, Chicago
Kay Kamin, Chicago, 1966–67 (by gift) [Mr. and Mrs. Malcolm Kamin, Chicago]
RLCR 1018.LC-378 (LC 378)
The American Federation of Arts Museum Purchase Fund, December 1965 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
(Sotheby Parke Bernet, Los Angeles, February 27, 1974, lot 385)
Margo Leavin Gallery, Los Angeles, and John Berggruen Gallery, San Francisco
Michael Crichton, Los Angeles, 1974
Estate of Michael Crichton, 2008
(Christie's, New York, May 12, 2010, Works from the Collection of Michael Crichton, sale 2315, lot 111)
Exhibitions
Institute of Contemporary Art, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, The Other Tradition, January 27–March 7, 1966 (ed. unknown) (Swenson 1966).
Museum of Modern Art, New York, Art in the Mirror, November 22, 1966–February 5, 1967 (only New York, Houston) (ed. LC-374 (LC 374)) (MoMA 1966a). Traveled to: Mansfield Fine Arts Guild, Mansfield, Ohio, March 10–April 2, 1967; San Francisco State College, San Francisco, Calif., April 21–May 14, 1967; Municipal Art Gallery, Los Angeles, Calif., June 27–July 23, 1967; Los Angeles Valley College, Van Nuys, Calif., September 22–October 15, 1967; Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Tex., November 1–December 3, 1967; Hewitt Union, State University College, Oswego, N.Y., February 13–March 6, 1968.
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Roy Lichtenstein, September 19–November 9, 1969 (only Chicago) (ed. LC-377 (LC 377)) (Waldman 1969). Traveled to: William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, Kansas City, Mo., December 18, 1969–January 16, 1970; Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, Ill., February 7–March 22, 1970; Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, Wash., April 10–May 17, 1970; Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts, Columbus, Ohio, July 9–August 30, 1970.
Stamford Museum, Stamford, Connecticut, The Eye of the Collector: Contemporary Art, March 20–May 21, 1978. (ed. LC-375 (LC 375)).
University Gallery, San Diego State University, San Diego, Selections from the Michael Crichton Collection, April 25–June 1, 1980 (ed. LC-378 (LC 378)) (San Diego State University 1980, p. 32 not ill.?).
Montgomery Art Gallery, Pomona College, Claremont, California, Prints and Drawings from the Michael Crichton Collection, November 21–December 21, 1980. (ed. LC-378 (LC 378)).
Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, Rhode Island, Fortissimo! Thirty Years from the Richard Brown Baker Collection of Contemporary Art, March 1–April 28, 1985 (ed. LC-374 (LC 374)) (Baker, R. 1985, no. 86 p. 82 ill.). Traveled to: San Diego Museum of Art, San Diego, Calif., June 29–August 11, 1985; Portland Art Museum, Portland, Ore., October 2–November 10, 1985.
Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Connecticut, Delaunay to de Kooning: Modern Masters from the Tremaine Collection and the Wadsworth Atheneum, May 5–September 15, 1991. (ed. LC-375 (LC 375)).
Iris and B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts, Stanford University, Stanford, California, Picasso to Thiebaud: Modern and Contemporary Art from the Collections of Stanford University Alumni and Friends, February 18–June 20, 2004 (ed. LC-373 (LC 373)) (Faberman 2004, p. 73 ill.).
Literature
Rosenberg, Harold. Artworks and Packages. New York: Delta, 1969, n.p. facing p. 38 b/w ill. (ed. LC-374 (LC 374)).

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