Felt, vinyl, originally two aluminum bars
<span class="gray">Per 1977 Abracrome, Inc., list (Marian Goodman Gallery Archives), banners produced were:</span> 96 x 96 in. (243.8 x 243.8 cm), or 96 x 144 in. (243.8 x 365.8 cm), or 96 x 192 in. (243.8 x 487.7 cm)
Most banners are signed and numbered on a publisher’s label affixed to the verso, bottom or lack the publisher’s label and are therefore not signed or numbered. Ed. 26/30, ed. 28/30 and banner unkn07 are signed and numbered on labels from vendor Multiples, Inc. The label for banner unkn07 is erroneously dated '64 and misnumbered 12/20 (edition details that match banner RLCR 940). Several banners from the <i>Modular Banner</i> edition were shipped by Leo Castelli Gallery to vendors in Italy without attached signature labels. Labels for these banners were then mailed separately with instructions for where to place them. It is likely that a number these labels were lost or never attached.
Classification: banner

Banner (Editioned)

Between 1964 and 1970 Betsy Ross Flag and Banner Company published four banner editions designed by Lichtenstein: RLCR 940, Pistol Banner; RLCR 1265, Night Seascape Banner; RLCR 1617, Thunderbolt Banner and RLCR 1892, Modular Banner.

Banners were originally issued with aluminum bars and published in advertised editions of 20. Original bars were often lost or discarded by the time of examination.

Edition Numbers

Most banners examined are signed and numbered on the bottom turn-back or on a publisher’s label affixed to the verso bottom. While the authors made every effort to identify edition numbers for unnumbered banners, or for banners missing the publisher’s label, this was often impossible. The affected items are catalogued with sequential numbers and the prefix “unkn.”

For some banners the authors found no paper trail, only trace documentation, such as comments in oral histories or other incomplete information. These pieces are recorded separately in Remarks. They may or may not correspond to banner entries with incomplete provenance. Banners marked with duplicate edition numbers are given additional numbers in brackets, e.g., 5/20[1] and 5/20[2].

Signatures and Inscriptions 

Extensive efforts have been made to document and transcribe signatures, inscriptions and relevant marks on all banners. In cases where the signature/inscription was not accessible, or where there is only indeterminate information from research (or lack thereof), external sources have been used to provide this information. In these cases, signature and transcription information is transcribed verbatim as found, set in quotation marks, then followed by named sources in brackets.

Entries include the shorthand reference Artnet for Artnet Price Database (published through artnet.com). Other reference sources are auction catalogues, which are identified by auction house and the related sale number in brackets.

Leo Castelli Gallery Inventory Numbers 

Leo Castelli Gallery’s registration system for Lichtenstein’s editioned works was not always consistent. Unique registry numbers for individual banners were solely assigned for the edition of Pistol Banner. The other three banner editions were inventoried with a single LC registry number. Pistol Banner does not have LC registry numbers assigned to all individual banners; those without an LC number were presumedly handled by other vendors.

Numbering exceptions are noted and described in the Remarks for each edition. 

Publisher and Fabricators  

Founded in 1963 by artist Robert Graham, Barbara Kulicke and Irvil “Sonny” Sloan, Betsy Ross Flag and Banner Company commissioned banner designs from a substantial number of artists, among them Andy Warhol, Marisol, Jim Dine, Robert Indiana, Tom Wesselman and Mel Ramos. In 1964, Marian Goodman joined the company (located then at 41 East 11th Street in New York).

Banners published by Betsy Ross Flag and Banner Company were fabricated at two commercial workshops: Abracrome, Inc., located at 18 East 16th Street, which specialized in creating college flags and flags for Olympic and Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) events (per Marian Goodman cited in Schwarz 2021, p. 10) and the Arista Flag and Banner Company, which specialized in creating advertising banners for “RCA Victor, Union Carbide, General Telephone, etc.” (Newsweek 1965).

In 1965, the four partners of Betsy Ross Flag and Banner Company, along with Ursula Kalish, opened Multiples, Inc., at 929 Madison Avenue, which operated as a gallery and publisher of artist’s multiples. Thereafter, Lichtenstein banners published by Betsy Ross Flag and Banner Company would be sold and distributed by Multiples, Inc., in addition to those sold through Leo Castelli Gallery. In 1977, Multiples, Inc., became part of the new Marian Goodman Gallery, founded by Marian Goodman. Marian Goodman Gallery would continue to operate Multiples, Inc., in a new shared location at 38 East 57th Street. Four years later the two entities moved to 24 West 57th Street.

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Catalogue entry

Artwork: Modular Banner, 1970 (published 1970, fabricated 1970–c.1972) (RLCR 1892)  Ed. unkn07
Ed. unkn07
RLCR 1892 (G-48; RL 0266)
Modular Banner
1970 (published 1970, fabricated 1970–c.1972)
Title Source
Castelli; Multiples, Inc.
Alternate titles and sources: Banner #4 (Multiples, Inc.); Modern Painting Banner (RL Studio Card)
Media
Felt, vinyl, originally two aluminum bars
Dimensions
Per 1977 Abracrome, Inc., list (Marian Goodman Gallery Archives), banners produced were: 96 x 96 in. (243.8 x 243.8 cm), or 96 x 144 in. (243.8 x 365.8 cm), or 96 x 192 in. (243.8 x 487.7 cm)
Description
Edition of 30 (per June 1970 Artforum advertisement by Multiples, Inc.), in which each banner could be ordered in one of three sizes: 96 x 96 in. (two panels), 96 x 144 in. (three panels), and 96 x 192 in. (four panels); 4 AP; 12 banners whose edition numbers cannot be identified catalogued here as unkn01–12. At present only three banners larger than 96 x 96 inches are known: unkn04 (three panels), unkn05 (three panels), and unkn06 (four panels). The authors are aware of incomplete documentation for unlocated banners that may be from the edition of 30 (see Remarks).
Publisher: Betsy Ross Flag and Banner Company, New York (commissioned by Multiples, Inc., New York).

Primary vendors: Multiples, Inc., New York; Leo Castelli Gallery, New York.

Fabricator: Abracrome, Inc., New York
Inscriptions
Most banners are signed and numbered on a publisher’s label affixed to the verso, bottom or lack the publisher’s label and are therefore not signed or numbered. Ed. 26/30, ed. 28/30 and banner unkn07 are signed and numbered on labels from vendor Multiples, Inc. The label for banner unkn07 is erroneously dated '64 and misnumbered 12/20 (edition details that match banner RLCR 940). Several banners from the Modular Banner edition were shipped by Leo Castelli Gallery to vendors in Italy without attached signature labels. Labels for these banners were then mailed separately with instructions for where to place them. It is likely that a number these labels were lost or never attached.
Ed. 1892.API
[no information]
Ed. 1892.APII
[no information]
Ed. 1892.APIII
[no information]
Ed. 1892.APIV
rf Lichtenstein A/P IV [on publisher's label]
Ed. 1892.unkn01
Not signed or numbered
Ed. 1892.unkn02
Not signed or numbered
Ed. 1892.unkn03
[est.] rf Lichtenstein [number illegible] [traces of washed out signature and number are present on publisher's label]
Ed. 1892.unkn04
Not signed or numbered
Ed. 1892.unkn05
Not signed or numbered
Ed. 1892.unkn06
Not signed or numbered
Ed. 1892.unkn07
rf Lichtenstein '64 /12/20 [on unaffixed vendor label]
Ed. 1892.unkn08
Not signed or numbered
Ed. 1892.unkn09
Not signed or numbered
Ed. 1892.unkn10
Not signed or numbered
Ed. 1892.unkn11
Not signed or numbered
Ed. 1892.unkn12
Not signed or numbered
Ed. 1892.1/30
[no information]
Ed. 1892.2/30
"signed and numbered 2/30" (per Christie, Manson & Woods catalogue, sale RUPERT–5344)
Ed. 1892.3/30
rf Lichtenstein 3/30 [on publisher's label]
Ed. 1892.4/30
[no information]
Ed. 1892.5/30
[no information]
Ed. 1892.6/30
[no information]
Ed. 1892.7/30
[no information]
Ed. 1892.8/30
[no information]
Ed. 1892.9/30
[no information]
Ed. 1892.10/30
[no information]
Ed. 1892.11/30
[no information]
Ed. 1892.12/30
[no information]
Ed. 1892.13/30
[no information]
Ed. 1892.14/30
[no information]
Ed. 1892.15/30
[no information]
Ed. 1892.16/30
[no information]
Ed. 1892.17/30
[no information]
Ed. 1892.18/30
[no information]
Ed. 1892.19/30
rf Lichtenstein 19/30 [on unaffixed publisher's label]
Ed. 1892.20/30
rf Lichtenstein 20/30 [on publisher's label]
Ed. 1892.21/30
[no information]
Ed. 1892.22/30
[no information]
Ed. 1892.23/30
rf Lichtenstein 23/30 [on publisher's label]
Ed. 1892.24/30
[no information]
Ed. 1892.25/30
[no information]
Ed. 1892.26/30
rf Lichtenstein 26/30 [on vendor label]
Ed. 1892.27/30
[no information]
Ed. 1892.28/30
rf Lichtenstein 28/30 [on vendor label]
Ed. 1892.29/30
[no information]
Ed. 1892.30/30
[no information]
Remarks

A June 25, 1970 letter from Marian Goodman to the artist, provides a “first accounting of sales” that lists purchaser names for the first 9 banners sold. This letter was followed by royalty statements issued to the artist by Multiples, Inc., spanning October 1970 through August 1974 (RLF Archives). These statements list purchaser names but not the edition number of each sold banner, making it difficult for the authors to match certain sales to corresponding edition numbers. The following list is a record of such transactions documented by Multiples, Inc., for which the authors were unable to identify an edition number. These editions may correspond to entries with incomplete provenance.

1. Unidentified Modular Banner (96 x 96 in.) sold to Sonnabend Gallery (per letter from Marian Goodman to the artist, June 25, 1970, RLF Archives)

2. Unidentified Modular Banner sold to Evelyn Farland (Poster Originals Ltd.) (per letter from Marian Goodman to the artist, June 25, 1970, RLF Archives)

3. Unidentified Modular Banner sold to Al Landry (per letter from Marian Goodman to the artist, June 25, 1970, RLF Archives)

4. Unidentified Modular Banner sold to Miles Fiterman (per letter from Marian Goodman to the artist, June 25, 1970, RLF Archives)

5. Unidentified Modular Banner sold to OK Harris (per December 12, 1970 royalty statement, RLF Archives)

6. Unidentified Modular Banner sold to Sonnabend Gallery (per February 16, 1972 royalty statement, RLF Archives)

7. Unidentified Modular Banner sold to C. Alhadiff (per February 16, 1972 royalty statement, RLF Archives)

8. Unidentified Modular Banner sold to Jane Baum Interiors, Detroit (per March 21, 1972 royalty statement, RLF Archives)

9. Unidentified Modular Banner sold to Lawrence Groo (per March 21, 1972 royalty statement, RLF Archives)

10. Unidentified Modular Banner sold to Brooke Alexander, New York (per August 30, 1972 royalty statement, RLF Archives)

Research Images
Modular Banner, 1970 (published 1970, fabricated 1970–c.1972) (RLCR 1892). 1892.unkn04: Banner with three sections
1892.unkn04: Banner with three sections
Photo: Courtesy Seattle Art Museum
Modular Banner, 1970 (published 1970, fabricated 1970–c.1972) (RLCR 1892). 3/30: Label on verso
3/30: Label on verso
Related Works
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Provenance
Ed. 1892.API
Owner unknown (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City, or artist sale or gift)
Ed. 1892.APII
Owner unknown (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City, or artist sale or gift)
Ed. 1892.APIII
Owner unknown (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City, or artist sale or gift)
Ed. 1892.APIV
Private collection, Udine, Italy, c. 1970s (likely via Multiples, Inc., New York City)
Ed. 1892.unkn01
(...)
Private collection
Ed. 1892.unkn02
(...)
Marta Marzotto, Milan
Private Collection, Italy, c. 1999
Ed. 1892.unkn03
Private Collection, Italy, c. 1972
Ed. 1892.unkn04
Pentagram Corporation, Seattle, c. 1972 (via Multiples, Inc., New York City; via Current Editions, Seattle?) [Current Editions listed as buyer of an unidentified Modular Banner per 7 June 1972 royalty statement by Multiples, Inc. (RLF Archives)]
Ed. 1892.unkn05
JPMorgan Chase Art Collection, 1980 (via Multiples, Inc., New York City)
Ed. 1892.unkn06
Sonnabend Gallery, New York City, c. June 1970 (via Multiples, Inc., New York City)
Ed. 1892.unkn07
Camuffo collection, Italy (via Galerie Ileana Sonnabend, Paris)
Private collection, Italy, 1999 (by descent)
Ed. 1892.unkn08
(...)
Private collection, Turin, Italy
Private collection (by descent)
Ed. 1892.unkn09
(...)
(Christie's, New York, May 1, 2002, sale1074, lot 347)
Owner unknown
Ed. 1892.unkn10
Samuel J. Wagstaff, Jr., New York City
Private collection, California, c. 1975
(Sotheby's, New York, September 22, 2011, sale N08766, lot 30)
Mr. Sergey Vasiliev, Moscow
Ed. 1892.unkn11
(...)
{Sotheby's Olympia, London, June 23, 2005, sale WO5708, lot 494}
(Sotheby's Olympia, London, February 9, 2006, sale W06706, lot 550)
Private Collection
Ed. 1892.unkn12
Mutliples, Inc. / Marian Goodman Gallery, New York
Ed. 1892.1/30
(...)
Ed. 1892.2/30
Warner Leroy, New York City, c. June 1970 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
(Christie, Manson & Woods International Inc., New York, May 11, 1983, RUPERT–5344, lot 135)
Owner unknown
Ed. 1892.4/30
Libreria Galleria Alfieri, Venice, Italy, September 1970 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
Owner unknown
Ed. 1892.5/30
(...)
Ed. 1892.6/30
Galleria Sperone, Turin, c. June 1970 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
Owner unknown
Ed. 1892.7/30
Galleria Sperone, Turin, c. 1970 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
Owner unknown
Ed. 1892.8/30
Galleria Sperone, Turin, c. 1970 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
Owner unknown
Ed. 1892.9/30
Irving Blum Gallery, Los Angeles, c. June 1970 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
Owner unknown
Ed. 1892.10/30
(...)
Ed. 1892.11/30
(...)
Ed. 1892.12/30
Galleria Sperone, Turin, c. October 1970 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
Owner unknown
Ed. 1892.13/30
Galleria Sperone, Turin, c. October 1970 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
Owner unknown
Ed. 1892.14/30
Galleria Sperone, Turin, c. October 1970 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
Owner unknown
Ed. 1892.15/30
Libreria Galleria Alfieri, Venice, Italy, October 1970 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
Owner unknown
Ed. 1892.16/30
Galleria Sperone, Turin, February 1971 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
Owner unknown
Ed. 1892.17/30
Charles Webb, February 1971 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
Friends of the Earth, San Francisco, c. early 1970s (by gift)
(...)
Ed. 1892.18/30
Galleria Sperone, Turin, February 1971 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
Owner unknown
Ed. 1892.19/30
Renato Volpini, Milan, c. March 1971 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City; via Libreria Galleria Alfieri, Venice)
Private collection, Milan, c. 2007
(Finarte, Milan, April 15, 2021, sale 80, lot 260)
Jerome Zodo Fine Art, London
Galerie von Vertes, Zürich, May 2022
Ed. 1892.20/30
Martin Flug, New York City, c. June 1971 (via Multiples, Inc., New York City)
Ed. 1892.21/30
Galerie Iolas, Milan, c. June 1972 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
Owner unknown
Ed. 1892.22/30
(...)
Ed. 1892.23/30
Owner unknown (via Multiples, Inc., New York City)
(Sotheby Parke Bernet, Los Angeles, February 17–18, 1975, sale 154, lot 181)
Edward R. Broida, Los Angeles
Ed. 1892.24/30
(...)
Ed. 1892.25/30
(...)
Ed. 1892.26/30
Private collection, Swtizerland (like via Multiples, Inc., New York City)
Interhome AG, Zurich, 1989
Ed. 1892.27/30
(...)
Ed. 1892.28/30
Owner unknown (via Multiples, Inc., New York City)
(...)
(Sotheby's, New York, May 15, 1987, sale 5577 URANUS, lot 857)
Guy Pieters Gallery, Knokke-Zoute, Belgium
Private collection, Belgium, late 1980s
(Bonhams, New Bond Street, London, October 20, 2022, sale 27782, lot 3)
Ed. 1892.29/30
(...)
Ed. 1892.30/30
(...)
Exhibitions
Multiples, Inc, New York, 6th Exhibition of New Art Banners by Billy Al Bengston, Ilya Bolotowsky, Allan D'Arcangelo, Jim Dine, Robert Indiana, Roy Lichtenstein, Larry Rivers, May 16–June 13, 1970.
Leo Castelli Gallery (4 East 77th Street), New York, Group Exhibition (John Chamberlain, Jasper Johns, Donald Judd, Roy Lichtenstein, Robert Morris, Robert Rauschenberg, James Rosenquist, Frank Stella, Cy Twombly, Andy Warhol), June 30–August 28, 1970.
Finch College Museum of Art, New York, Art Deco, October 14–November 30, 1970. (only Minneapolis). Traveled to: Cranbrook Academy of Art Galleries, Bloomfield Hills, Mich., January 19–February 28, 1971; Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Minneapolis, Minn., July 7–September 5, 1971 (expanded with Art Deco Revival selection of contemporary works) (Hillier 1971, no. 1425 p. 215 b/w ill.).
Irving Blum Gallery, Los Angeles, Thirties Style: Paintings, Sculpture, Decorative Images, December 8, 1970–January 1, 1971.
Galleria Multipli, Turin, Italy, Arazzi di Lichtenstein, Indiana, Wesselmann, opened September 29, 1971.
Galerie Sonnabend (14, rue Étienne Dumont), Geneva, Pop Art Banners, opened September 25, 1974 (ed. 1892.unkn02).
Sculpture Court, Center at the Galleria, Cleveland, Banners, December 9, 1987–January 16, 1988. (as Modern Art Banner).
Museo delle Cultre, Milan, Roy Lichtenstein. Multiple Visions, May 1–September 8, 2019 (Mercurio 2019a). Traveled to: Musée des Beaux-Arts, Mons, Belgium, December 5, 2020–April 18, 2021 (as Roy Lichtenstein: Visions Multiples) (Mercurio 2020a, p. 142 color ill.) (ed. 1892.unkn07).
Literature
Lichtenstein, Roy, and David Bailey. "Lichtenstein: One Hundred and Thirty-Nine, Take One." In Andy Warhol: Transcript of David Bailey's ATV Documentary, by David Bailey. London: Bailey Litchfield/Matthews Miller Dunbar, 1972, b/w ill. (detail, with Leo Castelli).

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Infringing Material

RLF respects the intellectual property of others and expects users to do the same.  As to allegedly infringing copyrighted works, we comply with the take down and counter notification provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (“DMCA”), 17 U.S.C.A. § 512, as set forth below. 

We reserve the right to remove or disable access to any Content claimed to be infringing, at any time at our sole discretion, without notice or liability.  In appropriate circumstances, we will also terminate users of the Site who are repeat infringers.

If you believe that Content has been used in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please provide our designated agent, whose contact information is listed below, with a written notice containing all of the following information (“DMCA Notice”):

  • A physical or electronic signature of a person authorized to act on behalf of the owner of an exclusive right that is allegedly infringed;
  • Identification of the copyrighted work claimed to have been infringed;
  • Identification of the Content that is claimed to be infringing or to be the subject of infringing activity, and information reasonably sufficient to permit us to locate such Content on our Site (such as the URL to each page on the Site containing allegedly infringing material);
  • Information reasonably sufficient to permit us to contact you, such as an address, telephone number, and, if available, an email address;
  • a statement that you have a good faith belief that use of the Content in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law; and
  • a statement that the information in your notice is accurate and, under penalty of perjury, that you are authorized to act on behalf of the owner of an exclusive right that is allegedly infringed.

Our agent designated to receive DMCA Notices may be contacted as follows:

[email protected]

Changes to the Terms

RLF may change these Terms from time to time by posting an updated version on this web page, or, if we determine that it is appropriate, we may provide other notice to you.  Your continued use of the Site after we post updated Terms means that you accept and agree to such Terms.  We recommend checking back on this web page regularly if you use the Site.

Termination

We reserve the right to terminate the Site, these Terms, and any Content, and your access to the Site and/or the Content, at any time without notice, for any reason.  The “Reliance on Information Posted,” “Copyright & Trademark,” “Inclusions in Catalogue Raisonné (or Lack Thereof),” “Additional Disclaimers,” “Limitation of Liability,” “Indemnification,” and “Governing Law” sections of these Terms (along with this provision and any other provision that by its terms contemplates survival) survive any termination of these Terms.

Governing Law

These Terms are the complete agreement between you and RLF regarding your use of the Site and is governed by applicable federal laws and the laws of the State of New York applicable to agreements made and completely performed there.  Any dispute arising out of or in connection with these Terms shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction and venue of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York located in the Borough of Manhattan in the City of New York or, only if such court does not have subject-matter jurisdiction, the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County.

You irrevocably agree to bring any claim or dispute relating to your use of the Site and these Terms exclusively in the state and federal courts located in New York, to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of those courts, and to waive any jurisdictional, venue, inconvenient forum, or other objections to those courts.  

Other

Section titles and headings are for convenience only and have no legal or contractual effect.  The failure of RLF to exercise or enforce any right or provision of the Terms shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision.  If a court of competent jurisdiction determines that any provision of these Terms is unenforceable for any reason, then that provision will be deleted and the remaining provisions of these Terms will be enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law.

Questions

Please email [email protected] with any questions you may have about these Terms.